Weather in Tanzania

Overview of Tanzania's Climate

Tanzania, officially known as the United Republic of Tanzania (TZ), is an East African country located just south of the Equator. The country's geographical location heavily influences its tropical climate, with temperatures ranging from warm to hot throughout the year. However, there is significant regional variation due to the country's diverse topography, which includes the highlands, the coastal areas, and the central plateau.

Seasons in Tanzania

Tanzania experiences two primary seasons - the dry season and the wet season. - The Dry Season (June to October): This is the coolest period of the year, with average temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). The humidity is low, and there is virtually no rainfall, making it an excellent time for wildlife viewing in Tanzania's national parks. - The Wet Season (November to May): This season is subdivided into the 'short rains' from November to December and the 'long rains' from March to May. Temperatures during the wet season range between 25°C and 31°C (77°F to 87.8°F). Humidity is high, especially in the coastal regions.

Regional Variation in Tanzania's Climate

The country's diverse topography results in distinct microclimates in different regions. - The Highlands: This region, which includes the Kilimanjaro and Meru mountains, experiences cooler temperatures, ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). Rainfall is moderate to heavy, particularly during the wet season. - The Coastal Areas: These areas, including the cities of Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, enjoy a tropical climate with high humidity and temperatures averaging between 25°C and 30°C (77°F to 86°F) year-round. Rainfall is high during the wet season. - The Central Plateau: This region, which includes Dodoma, the country's capital, has a semi-arid climate. Temperatures range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F), and rainfall is low and sporadic throughout the year.

Tanzania's Weather Throughout the Year

January to February: These months are typically dry, with temperatures averaging between 26°C and 32°C (78.8°F to 89.6°F). March to May: This is the season of long rains, with high humidity and temperatures ranging from 25°C to 29°C (77°F to 84.2°F). June to October: These are the coolest months of the year, with little to no rainfall and temperatures between 20°C and 30°C (68°F to 86°F). November to December: This is the period of short rains, with temperatures averaging between 25°C and 31°C (77°F to 87.8°F).

Conclusion

In conclusion, Tanzania's climate is largely tropical, characterized by high temperatures and significant rainfall during the wet season. However, due to the country's diverse topography, there is substantial regional variation in climate. The highlands are cooler and wetter, the coastal regions are hot and humid, and the central plateau is hot and dry. As such, the best time to visit Tanzania largely depends on the specific activities one intends to engage in. For instance, wildlife viewing is best during the dry season, while hiking is more comfortable during the cooler months in the highlands.

References

1. Climatological Information for Dodoma, Tanzania. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2011. 2. Tanzania Climate Guide. Meteorological Services Department, Tanzania, 2010. 3. Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Preparedness in Tanzania. Heinrich Böll Foundation, 2012. 4. Tanzania Weather, Climate and Geography. World Travel Guide, 2019. 5. Climate of Tanzania. Tanzania National Parks Authority, 2014.